A Theory of Justice

1 About this book

The principles of justice Rawls set forth in this book are those that free and rational people would accept in an initial position of equality. In this hypothetical situation, which corresponds to the state of nature in social contract theory, no one knows his or her place in society; his or her class position or social status; his or her fortune in the distribution of natural assets and abilities; his or her intelligence, strength, and the like; or even his or her conception of the good.

Thus, deliberating behind a veil of ignorance, people determine their rights and duties. The first section of A Theory of Justice addresses objections to the theory and discusses alternative positions, especially utilitarianism. Rawls then applies his theory to the philosophical basis of constitutional liberties, the problem of distributive justice, and the grounds and limits of political duty and obligation.

He includes here a discussion of civil disobedience and conscientious objection.

Good for readers who want: philosophy, politics, and a long read.

• Philosophy
• Ethics
• Political science
• Law, philosophy
• Philosophy, modern
• Justice
• Law
• Social justice